对比性自我监督学习（SSL）学习一个嵌入式空间，该空间将相似的数据对映射到更紧密的数据对，并且不同的数据对较远。尽管成功了，但一个问题被忽略了：使用对比SSL学到的表示的公平方面。在不缓解的情况下，对比度SSL技术可以结合诸如性别或种族之类的敏感信息，并在下游任务上产生不公平的预测。在本文中，我们提出了一种有条件的对比学习（CCL）方法来改善对比度SSL方法的公平性。我们的方法从对敏感属性的分布调节中的分布对正面和负对进行了对阳性和负对采样，或者从经验上讲，从同一性别或同一种族中抽样正面和负面对。我们表明，我们的方法证明可以最大程度地提高正面对学的表示表示之间的条件相互信息，并通过将其作为条件变量来降低敏感属性的效果。在七个公平和视觉数据集上，我们从经验上证明，与无监督的基线相比，所提出的方法可以实现最新的下游性能，并显着提高了对比度SSL模型在多个公平度量方面的公平性。

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive results across a variety of tasks while requiring little or no direct supervision. Further, there is mounting evidence that LLMs may have potential in information-seeking scenarios. We believe the ability of an LLM to attribute the text that it generates is likely to be crucial for both system developers and users in this setting. We propose and study Attributed QA as a key first step in the development of attributed LLMs. We develop a reproducable evaluation framework for the task, using human annotations as a gold standard and a correlated automatic metric that we show is suitable for development settings. We describe and benchmark a broad set of architectures for the task. Our contributions give some concrete answers to two key questions (How to measure attribution?, and How well do current state-of-the-art methods perform on attribution?), and give some hints as to how to address a third key question (How to build LLMs with attribution?).

ICECUBE是一种用于检测1 GEV和1 PEV之间大气和天体中微子的光学传感器的立方公斤阵列，该阵列已部署1.45 km至2.45 km的南极的冰盖表面以下1.45 km至2.45 km。来自ICE探测器的事件的分类和重建在ICeCube数据分析中起着核心作用。重建和分类事件是一个挑战，这是由于探测器的几何形状，不均匀的散射和冰中光的吸收，并且低于100 GEV的光，每个事件产生的信号光子数量相对较少。为了应对这一挑战，可以将ICECUBE事件表示为点云图形，并将图形神经网络（GNN）作为分类和重建方法。 GNN能够将中微子事件与宇宙射线背景区分开，对不同的中微子事件类型进行分类，并重建沉积的能量，方向和相互作用顶点。基于仿真，我们提供了1-100 GEV能量范围的比较与当前ICECUBE分析中使用的当前最新最大似然技术，包括已知系统不确定性的影响。对于中微子事件分类，与当前的IceCube方法相比，GNN以固定的假阳性速率（FPR）提高了信号效率的18％。另外，GNN在固定信号效率下将FPR的降低超过8（低于半百分比）。对于能源，方向和相互作用顶点的重建，与当前最大似然技术相比，分辨率平均提高了13％-20％。当在GPU上运行时，GNN能够以几乎是2.7 kHz的中位数ICECUBE触发速率的速率处理ICECUBE事件，这打开了在在线搜索瞬态事件中使用低能量中微子的可能性。

光学成像通常用于行业和学术界的科学和技术应用。在图像传感中，通过数字化图像的计算分析来执行一个测量，例如对象的位置。新兴的图像感应范例通过设计光学组件来执行不进行成像而是编码，从而打破了数据收集和分析之间的描述。通过将图像光学地编码为适合有效分析后的压缩，低维的潜在空间，这些图像传感器可以以更少的像素和更少的光子来工作，从而可以允许更高的直通量，较低的延迟操作。光学神经网络（ONNS）提供了一个平台，用于处理模拟，光学域中的数据。然而，基于ONN的传感器仅限于线性处理，但是非线性是深度的先决条件，而多层NNS在许多任务上的表现都大大优于浅色。在这里，我们使用商业图像增强器作为平行光电子，光学到光学非线性激活函数，实现用于图像传感的多层预处理器。我们证明，非线性ONN前处理器可以达到高达800：1的压缩率，同时仍然可以在几个代表性的计算机视觉任务中高精度，包括机器视觉基准测试，流程度图像分类以及对对象中对象的识别，场景。在所有情况下，我们都会发现ONN的非线性和深度使其能够胜过纯线性ONN编码器。尽管我们的实验专门用于ONN传感器的光线图像，但替代ONN平台应促进一系列ONN传感器。这些ONN传感器可能通过在空间，时间和/或光谱尺寸中预处处理的光学信息来超越常规传感器，并可能具有相干和量子质量，所有这些都在光学域中。

因果推断对于跨业务参与，医疗和政策制定等领域的数据驱动决策至关重要。然而，关于因果发现的研究已经与推理方法分开发展，从而阻止了两个领域方法的直接组合。在这项工作中，我们开发了深层端到端因果推理（DECI），这是一种基于流动的非线性添加噪声模型，该模型具有观察数据，并且可以执行因果发现和推理，包括有条件的平均治疗效果（CATE） ）估计。我们提供了理论上的保证，即DECI可以根据标准因果发现假设恢复地面真实因果图。受应用影响的激励，我们将该模型扩展到具有缺失值的异质，混合型数据，从而允许连续和离散的治疗决策。我们的结果表明，与因果发现的相关基线相比，DECI的竞争性能和（c）在合成数据集和因果机器学习基准测试基准的一千多个实验中，跨数据类型和缺失水平进行了估计。

基于采样的路径规划算法通常实现均匀的采样方法来搜索状态空间。然而，统一的采样可能导致许多情况下不必要的探索，例如具有几个死角的环境。我们以前的工作建议使用有希望的区域来指导采样过程来解决问题。然而，预测的有希望区域通常是断开连接，这意味着它们无法连接到开始和目标状态，导致缺乏概率完整性。这项工作侧重于提高预测有前途地区的连通性。我们所提出的方法在x和y方向上回归边缘的连接概率。此外，它可以计算丢失中有希望的边缘的重量，以引导神经网络更加关注有前景区域的连通性。我们进行一系列仿真实验，结果表明，有前途地区的连接性显着提高。此外，我们分析了连接基于采样的路径规划算法的影响，并得出结论，连接在维护算法性能方面发挥着重要作用。

The performance of the Deep Learning (DL) models depends on the quality of labels. In some areas, the involvement of human annotators may lead to noise in the data. When these corrupted labels are blindly regarded as the ground truth (GT), DL models suffer from performance deficiency. This paper presents a method that aims to learn a confident model in the presence of noisy labels. This is done in conjunction with estimating the uncertainty of multiple annotators. We robustly estimate the predictions given only the noisy labels by adding entropy or information-based regularizer to the classifier network. We conduct our experiments on a noisy version of MNIST, CIFAR-10, and FMNIST datasets. Our empirical results demonstrate the robustness of our method as it outperforms or performs comparably to other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. In addition, we evaluated the proposed method on the curated dataset, where the noise type and level of various annotators depend on the input image style. We show that our approach performs well and is adept at learning annotators' confusion. Moreover, we demonstrate how our model is more confident in predicting GT than other baselines. Finally, we assess our approach for segmentation problem and showcase its effectiveness with experiments.

Landing an unmanned aerial vehicle unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on top of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) in harsh open waters is a challenging problem, owing to forces that can damage the UAV due to a severe roll and/or pitch angle of the USV during touchdown. To tackle this, we propose a novel model predictive control (MPC) approach enabling a UAV to land autonomously on a USV in these harsh conditions. The MPC employs a novel objective function and an online decomposition of the oscillatory motion of the vessel to predict, attempt, and accomplish the landing during near-zero tilt of the landing platform. The nonlinear prediction of the motion of the vessel is performed using visual data from an onboard camera. Therefore, the system does not require any communication with the USV or a control station. The proposed method was analyzed in numerous robotics simulations in harsh and extreme conditions and further validated in various real-world scenarios.

We develop theory and methods that use the graph Laplacian to analyze the geometry of the underlying manifold of point clouds. Our theory provides theoretical guarantees and explicit bounds on the functional form of the graph Laplacian, in the case when it acts on functions defined close to singularities of the underlying manifold. We also propose methods that can be used to estimate these geometric properties of the point cloud, which are based on the theoretical guarantees.